FIBRE OPTICS

What is Fibre Optics?

Fibre optics is a technology that transmits data as light pulses through strands of glass or plastic fibers. It enables ultra-fast and long-distance communication, making it essential for internet, telecommunications, medical, and industrial systems.

 Key Components

  • Core – The inner glass strand where light travels. 

  • Cladding – A layer that reflects light back into the core to maintain signal.

  • Buffer Coating – Protective outer layer for strength and flexibility.

How It Works

  • Light signals are sent from a transmitter through the fiber cable.

  • These signals bounce within the core due to total internal reflection.

  • At the other end, a receiver converts the light back into data.

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Applications

  • Internet & Broadband – Used in FTTH (Fiber to the Home)

  • Telecom Networks – Backbone of mobile and landline networks

  • Medical Imaging – Endoscopy and surgical tools

  • Industrial Control – Used in harsh environments for data transmission

  • Military & Aerospace – Secure and reliable communication

Types of Fibre Optic Cables

Single-mode fiber (SMF)

  • Narrow core
  • Long-distance communication (10 km and more)
  • Used in telecom and ISP backbones

Multi-mode fiber (MMF)

  • Wider core
  • Shorter distances (up to 2 km)
  • Used in LANs and enterprise networks